The effect of underhand passing training on basic volleyball technique skills of junior high school students in bojonegoro regency

Abstract

This study aims to determine the effect of underhand passing training on the basic volleyball technical skills of junior high school students in Bojonegoro Regency. A pre-experimental method with a one-group pretest-posttest design was employed. The sample consisted of 32 students from SMP Negeri 2 Bojonegoro selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using an underhand passing ability test adapted from the Brady Wall Volley Test. A paired sample t-test was used for data analysis at a significance level of 0.05. The results revealed a significant improvement in underhand passing ability following the eight-week training program (t = 8.743; df = 31; p < .001). The mean pretest score was 14.25 (SD = 3.12) and the mean posttest score was 21.63 (SD = 2.87), reflecting an increase of 51.79%. Effect size analysis using Cohen’s d (calculated as the mean difference divided by the pooled standard deviation) yielded a value of 2.46, indicating a very large practical significance. It is acknowledged that effect sizes of this magnitude in single-group pre-experimental designs may partly reflect the absence of a control group and are interpreted with appropriate caution. These findings confirm that systematic underhand passing training exerts a positive and significant effect on the volleyball basic technical skills of junior high school students in Bojonegoro Regency. It is recommended that physical education teachers implement structured passing training programs to enhance students' volleyball competencies.